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List of Chronobiotics



Name SMILES FDA Status Effects Targets Mechanisms Articles
CC(C)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)NCC3=CC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F none CKI delta Inhibits casein kinase 1 delta (CKIδ) activity
Unknown None GUT MICROBIOTA Unknown metabolites
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C(N2)O)C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C3=O none GSK-3α/β Highly selective, ATP-competitive inhibition of GSK-3 (both α and β isoforms), Dual inhibitor of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3), GSK‑3 Inhibition, Selective GSK-3β Inhibition:, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)
C1CCC(CC1)N2C=NC(=C2C3=NC(=NC=C3)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F.Cl. Cl None CKI delta Inhibits CK1δ, Inhibits casein kinase 1 delta (CKIδ) activity, Non-specific kinase inhibitor
[Li+].[Li+].C(=O)([O-])[O-] Approved mPer2 , mPer1 , CRY1-PER2 complex , CRY1 , CRY1 , Per2 expression inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)
CS(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=C(N2)C3=CC=NC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F None p38 kinase Core clock modulation, p38 signaling
COC1=C(N=CC(=C1OC)N2C(=O)N(C3=C(S2(=O)=O)C=CC=N3)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4F)F)F Not approved orexin receptor subtypes (OX1 and OX2) Dopamine receptor antagonist, Orexin Receptor Antagonism
C[C@@H]1CC(=O)C=C([C@]12C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3OC)OC)Cl)OC Approved CLOCK-BMAL1 , Heme Core clock modulation, Affects heme, Affects heme biosynthesis
C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=O)OC3=C2C=CC(=C3)O Not approved Arntl (gene) , BMAL1 expression (induction) , Per2 expression , GUT MICROBIOTA Bmal1, de-repressing BMAL1, BMAL1 expression modulation, BMAL1 expression modulation, Activation of CLOCK/Bmal1 mediated transcription
Lactobacillus delbrueckii none GUT MICROBIOTA protect, Circadian Clock Impact, Unknown metabolites
CC12CC(C3(C(C1CC(C2(C(=O)CO)O)O)CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC43C)F)O Approved Corticosteroid hormone receptor Core clock modulation, Affects "Circadian rhtyhm signaling", Calcium signaling, Glutamat receptor signaling, Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist
COC(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]([C@@H]1COC2CCC(CC2)C3=CC=CC=C3)NS(=O)(=O)C Not approved orexin receptor subtypes (OX1 and OX2) OX₂R Activation
CC1=NC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)NC(=O)NC3=C4C(=NC=C3)C=CC=N4 Not approved orexin receptor subtypes (OX1 and OX2) OX₁R Antagonism
C[C@H]1CC[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)F)OC)CNC3=NC=C(C=C3)Br Not approved orexin receptor subtypes (OX1 and OX2) OX₁ Receptor Blockade
Clc1ccc(c(c1)Br)CNc1cccc(c1)c1nnc[nH]1 None MT1 MT1 receptor binding
C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O Approved Corticosteroid hormone receptor Glucocorticoid Signaling, Glucocorticoid receptors
CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4C(=O)CO)C=O)O Approved mPer2 , mPer1 , Arntl (gene) , BMAL1 expression (induction) PER gene exspression modulation, BMAL1 expression modulation, BMAL1 expression modulation, Activation of CLOCK/Bmal1 mediated transcription, influences HPA axis
C1=CC(=C2C(=C1)C=CO2)OCCCO none CLOCK-BMAL1 , BMAL1 Bmal1, Activation of CLOCK/Bmal1 mediated transcription, Interferes with CLOCK–BMAL1, Targets BMAL1–CLOCK DNA-binding activity
CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2 Approved PI3K/Akt , NF-kB Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF- κB), cAMP signaling cascade, Modulation of PI3K/Akt
CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=CC=C2)O Not approved 5-HT 2A R Serotoninergic signaling, Dopamine receptor binding
CCC1=C2C=COC2=C(OCCCO)C=C1 none CLOCK-BMAL1 , BMAL1 Core clock modulation, Bmal1
CC1(C)CC2=C(CO)C3=C(COC3=O)C(=C2C1)O None mPer2 , Per2 expression Core clock modulation, Binding with factors affine to Period2 gene promoter
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)O)OC)O)O none CLOCK-BMAL1 , BMAL1 expression (induction) Core clock modulation, Bmal1, de-repressing BMAL1, BMAL1 expression modulation, BMAL1 expression modulation, Activation of CLOCK/Bmal1 mediated transcription
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)S(=O)CC(=O)N Approved DAT ( human Dopamine transporter) DAT interaction (human dopamine transporter)
C1=CC2=C(C=C1F)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)F)N2C[C@H](CN4CCNC4=O)O none CRY2 , Mouse CRY2 with shp656 Selectively stabilizes CRY2